History undeniably manifests that global politics has remained in the crust and trough due to a paradigm shift in global allies. It elaborates how a paradigm shift took place in history. The US-Russia cold war, the US-China economic competition and the US-Afghanistan conflicts are significant contributors to turning the face of global politics. Furthermore, the Russian-Ukrainian war has played a vital role in this regard. Additionally, the 48th session of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation emerged as a turning point in the paradigm shift of global politics.
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US and Russia relation:
The US and Russia relationship is historically linked to the brawl of interests, power, and hegemony. Gone were the days the world was in the midst of World War II (1939-1945) and paramount social, political, economic and technological destruction. As World War II came to an end, the Cold War-era emerged, and it was the turning point of global politics in the history of all hitherto of the globe. Undeniably, the Cold War was the ideological, economic, and political war between two rival states: The United States of America(USA) and the Soviet Union of Socialist Republic(USSR) and their respective allies. Economic competition, ideological conflict and fear of communism in the United States are the various joint causes of the cold war outbreak.
Consequently, the cold war wreaked havoc in the form of two parts, either in the South and North or in Eastern and Western parts. Furthermore, Korea and Mexico became the Northern and Southern Parts, respectively. On the other hand, Berlin and Afghanistan came under the dominance of the Eastern part. Hence, it can be propounded that the ideological war between Eastern and Western blocs was the pivotal moment in shifting global politics.
Recently, the fundamental distinction became ostensible during the Yeltsin years, and relations have been increasingly strained since 2000 under Vladimir Putin. There are several issues on which Washington and Moscow agree, but none more divisive than Ukraine. Russia is determined to prevent further NATO expansion into post-Soviet Eastern Europe, which it still considers a critical buffer zone for its security and sphere of influence. Since the end of 2021, there have been many signs that Russia is planning new aggression against Kyiv; The United States has promised a strong response. Both sides can avoid direct conflict at all costs.
Recently, the fundamental distinction became ostensible during the Yeltsin years, and relations have been increasingly strained since 2000 under Vladimir Putin. There are several issues on which Washington and Moscow agree, but none more divisive than Ukraine. Russia is determined to prevent further NATO expansion into post-Soviet Eastern Europe, which it still considers a critical buffer zone for its security and sphere of influence. Since the end of 2021, there have been many signs that Russia is planning new aggression against Kyiv; The United States has promised a strong response. Both sides can avoid direct conflict at all costs.
Role of China:
It is an unambiguous fact that China joined the Eastern bloc and is considered one of the world’s most stable economies. Historically, the relations between China and Russia were up to mark. Moreover, In the early 1950s, the two countries established the Sino-Soviet Friendship Treaty, a security alliance, and enjoyed strong ties under the bilateral treaty that enabled significant economic, military and technical assistance and cooperation. The China-Russia relationship was at the peak of friendship in the past.
China vs USA
Since 1949, Sino-US relations have evolved from a tense conflict to a complex combination of diplomatic intensification, international competition intensification, and an increasingly intertwined economy. During the Cold war, China didn’t join the capitalist bloc of the U.S. However, the fundamental paradigm shift started in 2018, when the U.S. posed sanctions on Chinese goods and products. Firstly, the U.S. posed $34 billion on China’s goods with 25% Tariffs.
US sanctions on China:
Similarly, a value of $375 billion had been sanctioned by the U.S. on the products of China. It is universally acknowledged that America exports only 2.5% to China. In contrast, China exports 18% of its products to the U.S. Moreover, the establishment of B3W is the major paradigm shift in global politics.
China economic interests:
The Build Back Better World (B3W) project (a $ 40 trillion investment project by G7 countries in June 2021) aims to challenge China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). B3W exists only on paper, but BRI has already planted its roots in multiple regions. The author, Muhammad Ali Memnon, says that G7 countries and China are investing in developing countries to compete for economic hegemony, creating a cycle of economic dependence similar to economic imperialism. I am saying. He argues that B3W contracts follow a pattern similar to China’s debt contracts, giving lenders significant authority over the borrower’s decision-making process.
Pakistan and US relations:
War on terror
It was the time of the 11 September 2001(9/11) incident, a significant attack happened on the World Trade Centre of America. Nineteen militants of an Islamic extremist Al-Qaeda were considered responsible by the US for this incident. As a result, America has started War on Terror with the support of Pakistan against the Taliban. It is an undeniable fact that Obama and Donald Trump, former presidents of the US, played a pivotal role in curbing the War on Terror. As a consequence, the withdrawal of the US from Afghanistan became successful on 30 August 2021. Currently, Afghanistan is in a chunk of a food crisis, financial deficit, educational backwardness and health issues.
Current Pak and US relations
In the past decades, the US used Pakistan’s soil for its interest. The Eminent 2021 withdrawal of the Joined Together States from Afghanistan has, however, once more uncovered the delicacy of Pakistan-US relations. Over the growing—and purportedly dubious—the role of Pakistan in its commitment to the War on Fear, expanding concerns are being communicated within the Joined Together States approximately the nature of its relations with Islamabad.
Even though a few US authorities still think that Pakistan has played its role and Washington ought to proceed locks in the nation, a few authorities need Washington to return to its terms of engagement with Islamabad. It was in this setting that, when inquired by legislators on the off chance that it was time for Washington to reassess its relationship with Pakistan, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken had to guarantee Congress that “this is one of the things we’re attending to be looking at within the days, and weeks ahead – the part that Pakistan has played over the final 20 a long time but too the part we would need to see it play within the coming a long time and what it’ll take for it to do that.”
Russian-Ukrainian conflict:
When Ukraine was part of the USSR, the paradigm shift took place in the form of its decomposition into different parts. Recently, Russia attacked Ukraine to prevent it from becoming part of the North-Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The Russian invasion of Ukraine has had far-reaching effects in several areas: it has developed into a humanitarian disaster, has put food and energy security in jeopardy, and has raised questions about global security architecture. These issues will not be limited to Ukraine; instead, they will affect everyone because we live in a globalized world.
According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Russia and Ukraine are both key commodity producers, and the turmoil there has raised global prices, especially oil and natural gas. Food costs have risen, with Ukraine and Russia accounting for up to 30% of world wheat exports. According to the IMF, slower growth and higher inflation would have an impact on the entire global economy.
In its Spring 2022 Economic Update for Europe and Central Asia, the World Bank stated that the conflict had delivered a second big shock to the world economy in two years and had resulted in a humanitarian disaster. “Even before the war, the global recovery was slowing, accompanied by rising geopolitical tensions,” he continued. In this way, the paradigm shift changed in global Politics regarding this monster.
Muslim world :
Historically, the Muslims were in the clutches of internal and external diseases. Internally, the Suni-Shia conflict and Sufi-Ulemas controversies were at their peak. Externally, the western threat to the Muslim world was concerned. After the 9/11 incident, the Muslim world and the Western block have boosted Islamophobia owing to leadership disunity and the improper role of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). The 48th Session of the Council of Foreign Ministers of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation was being held in the capital of Pakistan. The main focus of this session was economical and scientific issues, social and cultural problems and Islamophobia. Therefore, this demonstrates the fundamental paradigm shift in global Politics.
In a nutshell, it can be demonstrated that various vital factors were involved in the paradigm shift in global politics.
